What is a meniscus in the knee?
There are two menisci in the knee that act as a mechanism for shock absorption when performing activities involving impact such as running and jumping. These menisci are located deep in the knee, medially and laterally, which are named after the side they are on in the knee (tibiofemoral) joint. Both the medial and lateral menisci are C-shaped pieces of cartilage, however the medial meniscus is thicker and less mobile due to its attachment sites, thus making it more prone to injury.
How is a meniscus injured?
Injury to a meniscus often occur when the knee is planted on the ground and twisted suddenly. This can happen in sports such as basketball, soccer, or skiing for example. Aging is also a risk factor for meniscal injuries or degeneration as a result of the effects of gravity naturally compressing on the body.
There are a few types of meniscus tears that can happen: vertical, horizontal, complex, or bucket handle – each requiring their own form of rehabilitation through either conservative or surgical intervention.
What are the symptoms of a meniscus injury?
Often, people who suffer this type of injury report a popping sound or tearing sensation deep inside the knee. An achy pain is commonly associated with these symptoms, along with swelling, decreased range of motion – primarily with bending the knee, and difficulty weightbearing. Sometimes the person complainsof the knee caving or buckling but can also have feelings of the knee locking or catching, especially when trying to ambulate stairs with either of these sensatinos.
How is it managed through athletic therapy or physiotherapy?
An athletic therapist or physiotherapist can screen for a meniscus injury by acquiring an accurate history of events and performing a thorough assessment of the patient. Depending on the extent of the meniscus injury, surgical intervention may be required. This is often diagnosed and determined by imaging, such as an MRI requested by orthopedic surgeons. After surgery, the first goal is to manage pain and regain range of motion, specifically flexion/bending, then progress to strengthening to get back to your daily activities. Regardless of severity, it is very important to strengthen the muscles and other soft tissues around the knee joint to maintain stability and decrease pain. Treatment protocols can include manual therapies, as well as providing a home exercise program for the patient.
What is the prognosis for meniscus injuries?
Healing time for meniscal injuries depends on whether or notsurgical intervention was needed to repair or remove the meniscus. When surgery is not required, most people experience relief and recovery after a few weeks. Post-surgery, it may take a few months to fully restore range of motion and strength since most people need to rely on crutches and a knee brace prior to attending sessions with an athletic or physical therapist. With appropriate treatment, many are able to return to their regular activities, whether that be work, sport, or activities of daily living.
If you or someone you know has experienced a knee injury, reach out to us and we will get you on your road to recovery!